Public flashcard deck
Study sentence boundaries, commas, agreement, modifiers and transitions with 12 public flashcards and visible answers.
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Card 1 of 12
It contains a subject and a finite verb and expresses a complete thought.
Example: “The artist revised the sketch” stands alone. “Because the artist revised the sketch” does not.
Card 2 of 12
Use a semicolon between two closely related independent clauses.
Example: “The trial ended; the researchers analyzed the data.” Both sides can stand alone.
Card 3 of 12
A comma splice joins independent clauses with only a comma.
Example: “The trial ended, the researchers analyzed the data” needs a valid boundary, such as a semicolon.
Card 4 of 12
Place a comma before a coordinating conjunction when it joins two independent clauses.
Example: “The road was steep, but the cyclists continued.” Each clause has its own subject and verb.
Card 5 of 12
No. A conjunctive adverb such as however needs a valid sentence boundary when it connects independent clauses.
Example: “The sample was small; however, the pattern was clear.”
Card 6 of 12
The text before the colon must be an independent clause. What follows explains, specifies or illustrates it.
Example: “The team needed one item: a replacement lens.” Avoid a colon directly after “needed” in “The team needed a replacement lens.”
Card 7 of 12
Use paired punctuation to set off material that can be removed without disrupting the sentence’s core meaning.
Example: “The map, created in 1912, shows the old route.” Both commas surround the removable phrase.
Card 8 of 12
The main subject controls the verb, even when a phrase containing another noun intervenes.
Example: “The collection of maps provides a record.” Collection is singular; maps is inside a descriptive phrase.
Card 9 of 12
A pronoun should match its antecedent in number and refer clearly to the intended noun.
Example: “The researchers compared their notes.” Their clearly refers to the plural researchers.
Card 10 of 12
It should logically describe the subject immediately following it.
Example: “Walking toward the station, Maya saw the train.” Maya is the person walking.
Card 11 of 12
Items doing the same grammatical job should follow a consistent structure.
Example: “The course teaches planning, drafting and revising.” All three items use the same grammatical form.
Card 12 of 12
It signals that a claim remains true despite a preceding fact that might suggest otherwise.
Example: “The instrument was old. Nevertheless, it remained accurate.”
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